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  • Reviews, suggestions and discussions

  • Analysis of problems and methods for mathematical modeling of fires in tunnel structures

    The article presents a systematic review of scientific works by domestic and foreign authors devoted to modeling fires in tunnels for various purposes. Using the search results in the databases of scientific publications eLIBRARY.RU and Google Scholar, 30 of the most relevant articles were identified that meet the following criteria: the ability to access the full-text version, the material was published in a peer-reviewed publication, the article has a significant number of citations, and the presence of a description of the results of the authors’ own experiments. An analysis was made of the methodology used in the research, as well as the results of studying fires in transport tunnels (road, railway, subway) and mine workings presented in the works. A classification of publications was carried out according to the types of tunnel structures, cross-sectional shape, subject of research, mathematical model used to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer in a gaseous environment and heating of enclosing structures, software used, validation of experimental data, and the use of scaling in modeling. It has been established that the problems of mathematical modeling of fires in deep tunnel structures, as well as modeling of a fire in a tunnel taking into account the operation of fire protection systems, are poorly studied.

    Keywords: fire modeling, tunnel, mathematical model, fire prediction, heat transfer, structures, systematic review

  • Features of obtaining light-transmitting concrete

    The article is devoted to the analysis of methods for obtaining light-transmitting concrete, a material that combines the strength of concrete with the ability to transmit light.It briefly reviews the history of the development of light-transmitting concrete, from the initial experiments to the modern achievements in this field. The main focus is on the composition of the material, where optical fibers are added to the traditional components, creating a transparency effect and allowing the use of concrete in the implementation of new architectural solutions. The production of light-transmitting concrete requires a special approach, including the precise distribution of fibers and their fixation in the matrix, which ensures uniform light distribution. Various methods of embedding fibers into concrete, their advantages and complexities, as well as potential directions for the development of technologies and the use of the material in construction, are discussed.

    Keywords: translucent concrete, optical fiber, production technology, gypsum cement binder

  • Technical science. Informatics, computer facilities and management

  • Aggregated nonlinear criterion for assessing software reliability

    The paper discusses a method for constructing a nonlinear software reliability efficiency function. The proposed algorithm is based on the use of information about the values ​​of reliability criteria, as well as some expert judgments. This approach differs significantly from previously proposed models for assessing software reliability, which are based on a probabilistic approach. In the proposed method, in addition to objective information, subjective expert assessments are taken into account, which allows for a more flexible assessment of the reliability of software products.

    Keywords: software reliability, probabilistic models, statistical models, partial performance criteria, linear programming, vector optimization, decision theory

  • An algorithm for protecting software from illegal copying

    With the development of digitalization of all spheres of society, the relevance of developing new software, and therefore methods of protecting it from illegal copying and reproduction, increases significantly. The main risks are related to both hacking of the finished release and leakage of individual code segments at the development stage. At the same time, the chances of leakage directly depend on both the number of specialists involved in the development process at different stages and the number of stages themselves. The purpose of this work is to develop an embedded module aimed at protecting software or its individual elements from illegal copying and further reproduction.

    Keywords: software protection, information protection, embedded security module, hardware binding

  • Analysis of foreign experience in the application of intelligent methods in the tasks of protecting objects of critical information infrastructure of the financial sector

    The constant growth of cyber attacks on the financial sector requires the construction of a modern protection system based on the use of artificial intelligence or machine learning. The paper provides an analysis of specific products and solutions of the global market based on artificial intelligence technologies that can be used to protect critical information infrastructure.

    Keywords: cyber attacks, critical infrastructure, artificial intelligence, information security, machine learning

  • Study of the operation of computer vision methods in conditions of changing illumination for embedded systems

    The article consider the influence of illumination and distance on the recognition quality for various models of neural networks of embedded systems. The platforms on which the testing was carried out, as well as the models used, are described. The results of the study of the influence of illumination on the quality of recognition are presented.

    Keywords: artificial intelligence, computer vision, embedded systems, pattern recognition, YOLO, Inception, Peoplenet, ESP 32, Sipeed, Jetson, Nvidia, Max

  • Optimization of radio resources and state transition intensity in a dual-service 5G network model with elastic traffic type

    5G wireless networks are of great interest for research. Network Slicing is one of the key technologies that allows efficient use of resources in fifth-generation networks. This paper considers a method of resource allocation in 5G wireless networks using Network Slicing technology. The paper examined a model for accessing radio network resources, which includes several solutions to improve service efficiency by configuring the logical part of the network. This model uses network slicing technology and elastic traffic. In the practical part of the work, transition intensity matrices were constructed for two different configurations.

    Keywords: queuing system, 5G, two - service queuing system, resource allocation, Network Slicing, elastic traffic, minimum guaranteed bitrate

  • The research of the dynamic model of innovation in organizations

    The two level dynamic model is presented, representing the process of innovation implementation. The main task of this paper is conducting an analytical research of the model and different information regulations, designing solutions based on information regulations to find the best possible management of the subjects of the system. The system consists of several management entities (center, agents), the system is hierarchical. The Center manages the innovation process, agents promote innovations. But at the same time, agents have third-party income from activity that is not related to the promotion of innovations. The Pontryagin maximum principle is used for analytical research, the information regulations of the Hermeyer games G1, G2 are used. Numerical solutions are constructed, experiments are carried out, and the results are analyzed during the research.

    Keywords: analytical research, Pontryagin's maximum principle, motivation, compulsion, Hermeyer games G1, G2, optimal management

  • Assessment of structural stability of raster iImages

    The article examines methods for assessing the structural stability of raster images. The study proposes a comprehensive approach, including texture analysis, color characteristics, and object shape analysis. The author presents experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method on various types of images. The findings obtained enable the optimization of processes for processing and storing graphical information, which is important for various fields, including medicine, geology, and computer vision.

    Keywords: raster image, filtering, morphology, relative mean square error rrmse, OpenCV, Python

  • Determining the principles of semantic and formal management in the process of monitoring the regulatory framework for ensuring fire safety in the Republic of Vietnam

    The article examines methods for identifying semantic and formal management guidelines in monitoring the regulatory framework for ensuring fire safety in the Republic of Vietnam. The research includes in-depth semantic analysis, multi-level security parameters, the use of neural networks and innovative approaches to improve the effectiveness of the fire safety system at various levels. The work emphasizes the relevance of developing methods and tools for determining risk levels in the absence of clear numerical values of the accepted risk in legislation.

    Keywords: in-depth semantic analysis, multi-level security parameters, neural networks, regulatory monitoring, fire safety, risk management, regulatory legislation, security innovations, fire inspectors, Republic of Vietnam

  • An integrated approach to optimizing the provision of resources in critical conditions: from linear models to dynamic modeling

    The article is devoted to the problem of optimizing the provision of resources in organizational systems, taking into account the factors of an aggressive external environment. The main task is to develop a model that will reduce costs when providing resources under various criteria and restrictions. The author proposes to use mathematical modeling to solve this problem. It examines various modeling and optimization approaches, including the use of linear and nonlinear functions, consideration of time and other parameters such as time, weather and possible risk. The article also discusses specific models of the external environment that can be used when calculating the effectiveness of the “Resource Provision - External Environment” system. In conclusion, the author suggests that the proposed approaches will help improve understanding of optimization processes and application of models in real-world settings.

    Keywords: providing resources, mathematical modeling, optimization, risk management, organizational systems, external environment.

  • Technical science. Building and architecture

  • Impact of energy-efficient building envelopes on the operating costs of a high-rise residential building

    The problem of increasing consumption of heat and energy resources in the high-rise residential sector in the conditions of dense urban development becomes more relevant every year both for its population and for management companies. In order to reduce operating costs, to reduce the dependence of engineering systems of high-rise residential building on urban infrastructure, it is proposed to introduce some energy-efficient organisational and technological solutions in the designed apartment building. In the course of the study, on the example of a high-rise 25-storey residential building in the city of Rostov-on-Don, a comparison of operating costs of thermal energy for heating with the use of energy-saving materials and structures, and costs in typical conditions of construction. The results of this work will allow, from a practical point of view, to analyse the feasibility of using such energy-efficient building envelopes and materials as foil PIR-insulation, low-emission four-chamber glazing, "green" roofing in high-rise housing construction.

    Keywords: energy efficient building envelopes, heat consumption, heating costs, high-rise apartment block, economic analysis, sustainable construction

  • Calculation of spatial filtration of water to a horizontal drain of finite length in a homogeneous stream

    When studying the problems of water filtration to a single horizontal imperfect drain of finite length, in a system of interacting horizontal imperfect drains, it is necessary to consider spatial (three-dimensional) filtration problems. Unlike flat (two-dimensional) problems, spatial filtering has been studied in less detail, since it is difficult to obtain rigorous solutions to their problems.

    Keywords: water supply facilities, filtration, equipotentials, drainage, borehole, pressure reservoir, drain, pressure, inflow, reservoir, watercourse

  • Potential for the development of the architectural urban context in the formation of transit spaces of university complexes

    The possibility of architectural and spatial organization of a series of urban interiors located along the route of communication between buildings and faculties of university complexes of an “integrated” and “distributed” type is being considered. Requirements for such transit spaces are being formed. Options for a scenario for organizing such spaces are proposed, which is an algorithm for the spatial formation of successive functional zones and the student’s consciousness throughout the process of movement and learning. “Architectural-environmental modules” are proposed as a structural unit, including various equipment options and small architectural forms - as a means of organizing spatial scenarios. A typology of similar modules has been developed for various transit zones and types of urban spaces. This approach allows us to form and support the brand of the university as a unified communication space.

    Keywords: university complex, transit urban spaces, scenario approach, functional-thematic zones, architectural and environmental modules.

  • Automated control system for the drying process of ceramic bricks

    The work is devoted to an urgent problem - the development of automated process control systems for the production of bricks with improved characteristics. The purpose of the article is to define and systematize the tasks of automation of brick production control systems, to develop both an algorithm for managing brick production and a generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, and the tasks of the work are: optimization of control automation levels that determine the generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, determination of information collection subsystems corresponding to the stages of brick production, and development of their structures, the choice of basic measurement tools for information collection subsystems. The results of the work are: systematization of requirements for modern automated process control systems, development of an algorithm for controlling technological processes and a generalized structural scheme of automated process control systems for brick production, development of information collection subsystems for the developed automated process control system, development of the structure of a local automated process control system in brick production - brick drying. The developed technical solutions can be recommended for control automation in various industries.

    Keywords: brick production, technological process, drying, firing, control algorithm, automated control system, structural scheme, information collection subsystem, single-channel circuit, multi-channel circuit, measuring circuit, four-arm bridge circuit

  • Monitoring soil soaking in the foundation area using dynamic probing

    Water saturation of soils in the area of foundations is accompanied by a deterioration in their bearing capacity and is often detected only with the appearance of the first signs of deformation. Effective monitoring of soil conditions helps reduce escalating damage. For this purpose, a variant of dynamic penetration was developed and applied, which made it possible to establish a fivefold reduction in the resistance of soils to indenter penetration in the water-saturated zone in comparison with their natural state. The approach provides rapid mapping of the state of the soil mass in areas of expected soaking, for example, in the area of backfilling of foundations. The results are applicable for monitoring soil soaking in technogenic conditions and are of interest to a wide range of specialists in the field of construction.

    Keywords: flooding, dynamic penetration, monitoring, mapping, water-saturated soil

  • Improvement of the architectural and planning organization of industrial and communal facilities in the conditions of the city of Moscow

    The analysis of the condition, operating conditions and location of industrial and communal enterprises in the structure of the city of Moscow is carried out. A set of urgent problems related to the disordered nature of the placement of the main objects of the communal complex, leading to the complication of intra-urban industrial and transport communications, and the deterioration of the city's ecology, has been identified. To solve these problems, a new methodological approach is proposed in the organization of the layout of public utility facilities, which consists in optimizing their functional and planning solutions, in integrating interrelated technological and transport operations.

    Keywords: urban development, transport communication, industrial and communal enterprise, architectural and planning solution, functional blocking, geographically balanced network nature of the location

  • Methods for determining the calculated lengths of centrally loaded steel columns when pivotally adjacent to reinforced concrete bases

    This article discusses several ways to determine the calculated lengths of steel columns in the plane of the frame. By analyzing existing techniques, the most successful method of selecting the calculated lengths for steel columns in a free multi-storey frame was determined. Taking into account the non-standard case of fastening crossbars to the considered section in the frame of the overpass, using the LIRA CAD PC, as well as the Crystal module (implemented in SCAD), the loss of stability of equally loaded elements in the most sensitive area is clearly shown.

    Keywords: Euler's formula, loss of stability, coefficient of calculated length, calculated length, coefficient of stability margin, finite elements

  • Study of differences in fire regulations between Russia and China in the design of gas distribution pipelines

    The article considers the requirements of regulatory documents to ensure fire safety during construction and operation of gas distribution pipelines in Russia and China. The different approach to fire risk reduction in the two countries is revealed: more specific and stringent requirements in China and general requirements related to fire hazardous facilities in Russia.

    Keywords: fire risks, fire regulations, natural gas combustion, causes of natural gas fires, natural gas transportation, fire safety

  • Increasing the stability of staircases in difficult engineering and geological conditions

    The article discusses the issues of stability of pedestrian paths and staircases located on sloped areas and interacting with a complex geological environment. The features of designing construction projects on sloping areas are considered. The reasons for the occurrence of various defects and destruction on the staircase, located on the embankment of Khabarovsk, were investigated. An assessment of the stability of the structure during repair work is given. Measures are proposed to increase the stability of the structure.

    Keywords: staircase, slope, slope stability, stress-strain state, fortifications

  • Development of an operational quality control scheme for installation of sheet metal waterstops

    The article presents an analysis of the requirements for quality control in the current regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation and the experience of developing a scheme of operational quality control (SOQC) for the installation of sheet metal waterstops, obtained on the basis of regulatory and methodological documentation and materials from manufacturers of waterproofing materials: domestic and foreign, and the practice of using polymer and metal waterstops and our own experimental studies. The content of the main information blocks of the SOQC in the practically accepted unification of requirements for quality control in construction is described. Construction defects are indicated when using polymer waterstops for waterproofing technological seams of monolithic structures of civil buildings, which can be avoided if the requirements are met and the work is performed in accordance with the developed SOQC as part of the technological map of the work production project.

    Keywords: scheme of operational quality control, quality in construction, installation tolerance, requirements, sheet metal waterstop

  • Residual strength of concrete with fibreglass and steel fibres

    The aim of the present work is to investigate the residual strength behavior of concrete reinforced with straight fibergalss fiber at levels of 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% and compare to hooked end steel fibers reinforced concrete same concentation. The laboratory tests were determined according to SP 297.1325800.2017 and reviewed literature. Test sampels was 100x100x400 with cut 17 mm in low beam in center. The residual strength behavior of Fiberglass reinforced concrete (FGRC) appeared to be comparable to SFRC, where the increase of fibers volume ratio cause the increase in prepeak and post-peak parameters of concrete. Nevertheless, the type of fibers influences much this dependency. Сoncrete mix composition was selected on the basis of compressive strength of control samples 37.5MPa. Tests were carried out to determine the crack resistance of fibre concrete on fibreglass fibre. Fibre F1 tested in this work showed a high result of extreme values of residual strength 36.3% higher than anchor fibre and 50% higher than corrugated fibre, this may be due to a more stable bond with the concrete matrix. The work resulted in concrete with crack resistance classes from Bft3= 2,5b to 6с. This study is a practical basis for the theoretical study of the effect of fibreglass fibre on the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete.

    Keywords: fiberglass fiber, FGRC, CMOD, pullout strength, analise, composite, residual strength