The article describes an approximate analytical method for calculating the humidity regime of multi-layer building enclosing structures. The novelty of the proposed method consists in using an analytical dependence to determine the position of the possible condensation plane obtained as a result of the study of the function representing the difference between the partial pressure of water vapor in the considered section of the enclosure structure and the partial pressure of saturated water vapor at the extremum. The results of calculating the humidity regime of the external wall of a residential building under construction in the city of Samara, using a monolithic bespeschany expanded clay concrete with a density equal to 600 kg/m3, are presented. The assessment of moisture accumulation in the considered external wall both for the annual period of operation of the building, and for the period of months with negative temperatures, showed compliance with the regulatory requirements for heated rooms

Keywords: enclosing structure, humidity mode, moisture transfer, vapor penetration resistance, water vapor, condensation plane

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the environmental safety of highly urbanized territories. The article presents the results of field measurements of pollutants into the atmosphere from gas stations within the urbanized territories of cities of the Russian Federation. The largest part of the allocation of oil product vapors entering the local aspiration systems is associated with the operations of filling and emptying fuel storage tanks at gas stations. The results of field measurements of the values of hydrocarbon concentrations obtained on the basis of the values of maximum permissible concentrations of ingredients are presented. The conclusion is drawn on the feasibility of environmental protection measures to reduce emissions when finding housing in the border area of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of gas stations. To reduce emissions from gas station sources, it was proposed to equip the gas aspiration system of the gas feeling tank with an improved design of the absorption device. In order to reduce waste generation as a working agent in such devices, it was proposed to use wastewater with a certain amount of oil products from a local gas station treatment device. This approach also allows to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact of gas stations in terms of the formation of additional amounts of waste generated during their operation. Successful tests have shown reliable and efficient operation of the pilot plant with the proposed apparatus.

Keywords: gas station, gasoline, emission, atmosphere, concentration, hydrocarbons, aspiration, reservoir, pollution, oil product, pollution, water

The article presents a program of comprehensive construction and technical expertise of the structures of an industrial building. The features of the construction and technical expertise of the structures of the agricultural warehouse of mineral fertilizers are described. An algorithm of the sequence of actions for the technical expertise of the structures of the object is developed. Measures have been developed to repair and restore the working condition of damaged structures

Keywords: construction and technical expertise, defects, bearing capacity, structural repair, property management

The emergence of digital X-ray machines and the development of cloud storage technology has led to the accumulation of a huge number of medical X-rays, in particular, chest x-rays - fluorography. The accumulated image bases after high-quality preprocessing can be used to train the deep convolutional neural networks that have received the most development in recent years, the trained network performs preliminary binary classification of the incoming flow of images and can be used as a radiologist assistant. For this purpose, it is necessary to adequately train the neural net-work to minimize errors of the first and second kind. A possible approach to improving the efficiency of neural networks, reducing the computational complexity and quality of image classification by the criteria is the use of auxiliary approaches of image preprocessing and preliminary entropy calculation. The article presents an algorithm for the X-ray image preprocessing, its division into fragments and the calculation of the entropy of individual fragments. During the preprocessing, the region of interest with lungs and the spine is selected from the entire image, constituting about 30-40% of the entire image, then the image is divided into a fragment matrix and the entropy of individual fragments is calculated using the Shannon formula, by analyzing individual pixels. By determining the frequency of each of the 255 colors, the total entropy is calculated. The use of entropy for detecting pathologies is based on the assumption of dif-ferences in its values for individual fragments and the overall picture of its distribution between images with the norm and pathologies. Statistical indicators are analyzed: standard deviation of error, variance.

Keywords: image entropy, fragments, deep convolutional neural network, machine learning, x-rays images, computational experiment, matrix of elements, image preprocessing, statistical analysis, binary classification

The reliability of the solar heating system with solar collectors was studied using the logical-probabilistic method by building a fault tree. The fault tree was obtained by sequentially detailing the events associated with failures of the solar heating system, as well as its elements. Events were taken into account: conducting test diagnostics of elements of the power supply system, repairing failed elements, failure of elements, reducing the power of solar collectors due to a decrease in the intensity of the solar radiation. The events were divided into two groups: events in which there is sufficient intensity of solar radiation for the hot water supply from the solar collectors, as well as events when the heating supply cannot be provided only due to the solar collectors. The last group of events was divided into two subgroups, within events caused short-term downtimes (at the time of switching) and long-term downtimes (at the time of replacing or repairing a failed system element). Long shutdowns are associated with the coincidence of failures, repair or diagnosis of one or more elements of the solar heating system. Expressions are compiled to calculate the probability of long downtimes, the probability of short downtimes, the probability of failure due to a decrease in the intensity of the solar radiation, and the total probability of failures. As a result of substituting the values of the reliability indicators of the elements of the solar heating system, the value of the total probability of failure during the year is 4.03∙10-5.

Keywords: solar hot water supply, reliability, solar collector, failure cause, reliability modeling

Various methods are used to scatter warm fogs: direct combustion of fuel in the fog; electric heating of the fog; introduction of streams or jets of warm and dry air into the fog; use of radiant energy for direct evaporation of hydrometeors; using explosions of highly heat-forming substances, etc. [4]. In this paper, artificially sprayed water droplets are used to scatter warm fogs. Refined calculations were made to investigate the possibility of fog scattering by artificial droplets. The model describes the fall of drops of radius r2 through the fog, consisting of drops of radius r1, the concentration of which is equal to n1. Detailed equations of gravitational coagulation are used taking into account the hydrodynamic interaction of droplets. The temporal characteristics of fog scattering (increase in visibility range) depending on the size of artificial droplets and their concentration are investigated. The size of artificial drops and their concentration, at which the maximum effect on fog scattering is achieved, are determined.

Keywords: scattering of warm fogs, meteorological visibility range, concentration of fog drops, fog water content, artificial influence on fog

The article is considered the wall stability of a steel cylindrical pre-stressed granary, compressed by the friction forces of grain and shell, taking into consideration the influence of the grain internal pressure, its elastic resistance from the inside and the elastic resistance of the pre-stressed shell outside. In this case, the initial and subcritical deflection of the shell is assumed to be axisymmetric, and the loss of the shell stability occurs with the formation of asymmetric deflection. The given solution of the problem allows to determine the magnitude of the critical efforts taking into consideration the influence of the grain internal pressure, its elastic repulsion, the magnitude of the initial deflections and the ratio of shell dimensions.

Keywords: stability calculation, wall stability, prestressing, internal lateral pressure, elastic rebound

metamaterials, microwave, antennas, diffraction, Maxwell equations, electromagnetic waves, the dielectric constant

Keywords: metamaterials, microwave, antennas, diffraction, Maxwell equations, electromagnetic waves, the dielectric constant

The authors propose to consider an interesting solution for finding real estate using GIS - technologies. This method can significantly reduce the time it takes to select a property. This article shows how the data processing capabilities of scientific computing tools for Python and the visualization and analysis capabilities of ArcGIS geospatial data can be used to build a model that generates a short list of houses that meet the needs and desires of potential buyers. And although the choice of a house is purely individual, there are a lot of common factors. Such as the total area, the number of floors and rooms, the presence of a garage and much more. Also, when buying a house, you are looking for proximity to services such as food, pharmacies, emergency rooms, child care facilities, parks, etc. You can use the ArcGIS API geocoding module for Python to search for such objects at a given distance around the house. This method suggests combining all the necessary conditions into one system, which will significantly reduce the list of real estate objects on the market and choose the most optimal options.

Keywords: GIS, ArcGIS, real estate, Python, maps, histograms, filter, DataFrame, spatial distribution, geocoding

The article is devoted to the possibility of applying the methods of successive approximations in the analysis of the instantaneous scheme of the traction network. The described approach allows to improve the accuracy of modeling dynamic modes of traction power supply sections, and also allows to significantly improve the process of modeling diagnostic systems and control of electric rolling stock at the design stage based on a more accurate model of dynamically changing input parameters of the traction network depending on their required level.

Keywords: traction network, instantaneous circuit, diagnostics, simulation, iteration

During the harvesting of crops, a significant amount of straw residues is formed, which can be used as raw material for subsequent processing. To assess the volume of straw suitable for processing for various needs of the agro-industrial complex, it is proposed to apply the Lotka-Volterra method. Using this method, it is possible to predict the formation of straw residues depending on the initial indicators during harvesting.

Keywords: straw residues, processing of straw raw materials, modeling, Lotka-Volterra method

This article is devoted to the study of the problem of power supply of low-power consumers distributed along the path of electric Railways AC, which can act as a system of sensors diagnostics of automated control systems of various objects located along the contact network. The main part of the article is devoted to the description of the primary model necessary for further consideration of such a method of electric power supply and experimental modeling.

Keywords: contactless power transmission, capacitive communication, power supply, contact network, electric Railways

Automation of agriculture is currently a promising and actively developing branch of robotics. At the moment, there are many foreign analogues offering ready-made solutions for automatic control of sowing crops. However, in Russia, most of the sowing is carried out on mechanized plants under the mandatory supervision of a highly qualified specialist in the maintenance of the plant.

Keywords: seeding control, microprocessor system, selection, seeding algorithm, system architecture, hardware, system structure, layout base, management methodology, import substitution

Cementation studies focus almost exclusively on the movement of carbon, described through the diffusion equations, often with constant coefficients and without regard to temperature. This approach does not allow, to take into account the further diffusion of carbon into the workpiece in a lower temperature range at the stage preceding quenching. The paper describes the modeling of the diffusion saturation of steel by carbon in the cementation process, taking into account the influence of temperature on the example of a numerical solution of the gear cementation problem using the COMSOL Multiphysics program. It was shown that the finite element mathematical calculation of the process of saturation of austenite with carbon during cementation gives good agreement with experimental data, and finite element analysis methods can be used for multivariate calculation of the carbon content in austenite after diffusion saturation

Keywords: carbon diffusion, carburization, COMSOL Multiphysics, numerical modeling, carbon distribution, carburization, Fick diffusion law, mass transfer, heat transfer, gear, finite element method

A method for the quasi-optimal synthesis of a multi-mode synchronization system based on the maximum condition of the generalized power function has been developed. The effectiveness of its operation in capture mode is demonstrated on the basis of mathematical modeling. The results showed high resistance to disturbances and a decrease in the synchronization error of the multimode system in the steady state.

Keywords: phase locked loop, combined maximum principle, multi-mode control