The article presents an analysis of modern methods and prospects for the application of automated technologies and laser triangulation for visual inspection of weld quality in the production of large-diameter longitudinally welded pipes. A review of scientific and patent publications over the past 5 years was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, and Google Patents. Key aspects such as the use of laser triangulation sensors (hereafter referred to as LTS) for assessing the geometric parameters of welds and the integration of machine learning methods to enhance inspection accuracy and automation were considered. The study shows that the application of LTS in combination with machine learning methods ensures high accuracy in evaluating weld quality, which is crucial for ensuring the reliability of pipelines in various industries. Based on the conducted analysis, recommendations for developing an automated system for visual inspection of welds on production lines have been identified.

Keywords: laser triangulation, visual inspection, welds, automated technologies, machine learning, quality control, large-diameter welded pipes

This article presents a study on the approach to the development of a medical decision support system (DSS) for the selection of formulas for calculating the optical strength of intraocular lenses (IOLs) used in the surgical treatment of cataracts. The system is based on the methods of building recommendation systems, which allows you to automate the process of choosing an IOL and minimize the risk of human error. The implementation of the system in the practice of medical organizations is expected to be highly accurate and efficient, significantly reduce the time allowed for decision-making, as well as improve the results of surgical interventions.

Keywords: intraocular lens, ophthalmology, formulas for calculating optical strength, web application, machine learning, eye parameters, prognostic model, recommendation system, prediction accuracy, medical decision

The article discusses the capabilities of the domestic software development environment CoDeSys using the example of a control program for regulating automobile traffic of an enterprise within its own territory.

Keywords: program, controller, variable, code, functional block, automated systems

This article presents a study aimed at evaluating the use of the Matlab Simulink software environment for the development of microcontroller systems of the STM32 family. The possibilities of Simulink in the field of modeling and testing control algorithms, as well as in generating code that can be directly applied to microcontrollers, are analyzed. The article describes in detail the process of creating conceptual models and their dynamic modeling. The advantages of using Simulink include speeding up the development process through automated assembly and the ability to adjust model parameters in real time. In addition, Simulink allows you to generate processor-optimized code, which significantly increases the efficiency of microcontroller systems. However, attention is also drawn to some limitations associated with using Simulink, such as the need to create a configuration file in STM32CubeMX and potential difficulties in configuring it. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the application of Simulink in the context of the development of STM32 microcontrollers and can become a key material for those who want to deepen their knowledge in this area.

Keywords: model-oriented programming, MatLab, Simulink, STM32, microcontroller, code generation, automatic control system, DC motor

Automation of the production of butadiene-nitrile rubbers is one of the most important directions in the chemical industry. This article presents a systematic review of existing domestic and foreign solutions, as well as describes the methods of integrated control systems for automating the production of butadiene-nitrile rubbers. Modern technologies used in manufacturing enterprises are considered, including automated systems for control, management and monitoring of processes: from robotic manipulators to digitalization of production processes. The advantages and disadvantages of automation approaches are evaluated, and trends in the development of this area are highlighted. The article is intended for specialists in the field of chemical industry, process engineers, as well as anyone interested in modern production automation technologies in the chemical industry. Previous studies will be analyzed, and examples of successful implementation of automated.

Keywords: distributed control systems, automation, integration, data transfer, architecture of automation levels, automated control systems

Since 2017, EVRAZ ZSMK JSC has been developing and operating a mathematical model covering all processing stages from ore extraction to final products – SMM Forecast. The model will be used to calculate technical cases, plans, and parity prices for iron ore and coal, and its use brought more than 200 million rubles of economic effect in 2020 alone. The use of a universal mathematical model made it possible in 2023 to begin the development of a module for daily optimization of an agglomeration factory and blast furnace production. The article discusses the experience of EVRAZ ZSMK JSC in the development and implementation of a daily planning system based on the monthly planning model of SMM Forecast, as well as methods for achieving an acceptable speed of multi-period optimization. The SMM Forecast system was originally designed for end-to-end, scenario-based calculation of the main raw materials from ore and coal to finished products in a volumetric monthly planning. The system uses optimization algorithms to search for a global target function to maximize margin income under specified constraints. The mathematical model of redistribution uses the norms and technologies specified in the company's regulatory documents. At the same time, the model is universal and the transfer of algorithms from monthly to daily mode was carried out with minimal modifications. The article also discusses the difficulties encountered and various methods of solving these problems. The first problem faced by the developers was the low speed of optimization of the model in daily dynamics due to the strong complication of the optimization load. The calculation time has increased significantly, and to solve this problem, it took the introduction of a number of optimization cycles aimed at reducing the speed of solving equations, introducing variable boundaries, and determining starting points. As a result, the calculation time for one month was about 40 minutes. The second problem was the need to develop a complex supply management algorithm and optimize stacking at the sinter plant. As a result of solving this problem, a working tool has been developed that brings additional income to the enterprise.

Keywords: metallurgy, modeling, planning, daily planning, sintering plant, blast furnace shop, stacking

The paper presents a mathematical model, algorithm and simulation results of the steam pressure control process in a steam curtain of a tubular furnace of a diesel fuel hydrotreating technological installation based on a PID-controller with filtration of the current control error of a double moving average.

Keywords: automation, subsystem, control, control, steam curtain of a tubular furnace, steam pressure, moving average

A method is proposed for non-contact indication of the presence of operating voltage in disconnected sections of an alternating current contact network, based on the properties of liquid crystals and the effect of electrical influences. A procedure is given for selecting voltage indicator parameters when used on single-track sections of a traction network. The possibility of using sign-synthesizing liquid crystal indicators to create contactless indicators without an internal power source to indicate the presence of operating voltage in sections of the contact network is shown.

Keywords: AC contact network, single-track section, disconnected section, operating voltage, non-contact indication, liquid crystal indicator, properties, equivalent circuit, selection of parameters

The present paper examines the actual problem of using graphics processing units (GPUs) in computing processes that are traditionally performed on central processing units (CPUs). With the development of technology and the advent of specialized architectures and libraries, GPUs have become indispensable in areas requiring intensive computing. The article examines in detail the advantages of using GPUs compared to traditional CPUs, justifying this with their ability to process in parallel and high throughput, which makes them an ideal tool for working with large amounts of data.are accidents caused by violations of rules and regulations at work sites, among them cases related to non-compliance with the rules of wearing protective helmets. The article examines methods and algorithms for recognizing protective helmets and helmets, and assesses their effectiveness.

Keywords: graphics processors, GPU, CUDA, OpenCL, cuBLAS, CL Blast, rocBLAS, parallel data processing, mathematical calculations, code optimization, memory management, machine learning, scientific research

This study examines the combination of several non-destructive partial discharge (PD) detection methods to improve the accuracy of their detection. An analysis of methods for detecting PD in high-voltage insulation, a consideration of their features, and an analysis of the possibility of combining them to achieve the most accurate measurements were carried out. Analysis of the practical effectiveness of combining methods based on the developed variations of installations operating on the principles of two or more detection methods. Options for installations for PD detection that combine two or more detection methods are considered. A conclusion is given about the possibility of combining various methods of detecting partial discharges, taking into account the peculiarities of this type of combination. The simplest and most effective at the moment is the use of measuring cells that combine electromagnetic and acoustic detection methods.

Keywords: partial discharges; non-destructive testing of insulation; high voltage insulator; diagnostic methods for insulators

The article proposes a variant of an electromagnetic drive for controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle for monitoring power facilities and develops calculation ratios that determine its electromechanical and dynamic processes. The structure and main characteristics of the pulse drive control have been developed. The conducted research can be used in the implementation of the steering drive project of a modern unmanned aerial vehicle.

Keywords: electromagnetic drive, pulse control, multipolar pulse width modulation, block diagram, magnetic induction, moment, constant, pulse element, control current, inertia

Stepper motors are often used in automated laser cutting systems. The control circuit of a stepper motor requires a special electronic device - a driver, which receives logical signals as input and changes the current in the motor windings to provide motion parameters. This research study evaluated stepper motor drivers to determine the feasibility of their use - PLDS880, OSM-42RA, OSM-88RA. To control the system, software code was written, which was connected to the controller via a link board. With each driver, in different modes, optimal parameters were selected (initial speed, final speed and acceleration), that is, the movement of the carriage without stalling for ten passes with a minimum travel time. The results of the experiments are presented in the form of tables.

Keywords: laser, laser cutting, automation, technological process, stepper motor, performance, driver, controller, control circuit, optimal parameters

The article discusses identification methods in industry and equipment presented on the Russian market for marking and identification of objects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the equipment and installations available on the Russian market for marking and identification of straight-seam steel pipes in production. A comparison of methods based on a scoring system for marking and identification of straight-seam steel pipes in production is presented. Barcode marking technologies using labels, laser marking and RFID tags are presented and considered as identification methods.

Keywords: barcoding, laser marking, RFID tag, straight-seam steel pipe, thermal label printer, automated identification system

The integration of blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) offers transformative potential for various sectors. This article delves into 16 distinct methods of integrating blockchain with IoT, emphasizing that there isn't a one-size-fits-all solution. Each method has its unique advantages and potential drawbacks, necessitating careful consideration based on specific IoT system requirements. For instance, integrating with public blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum offers transparency and decentralization but faces scalability issues. Sidechains introduce flexibility but might pose security risks. Blockchain platforms like Hyperledger Fabric expedite development but can lead to vendor lock-in. The diversity of these methods underscores the importance of a well-thought-out approach tailored to the specific needs of the IoT system in question. As technology evolves, we anticipate more innovative approaches to emerge, emphasizing the continuous need for research, experimentation, and collaboration to fully harness the potential of IoT and blockchain integration.

Keywords: blockchain , IOT , BIoT, smart contracts, IoT security

The study presents an extensive analysis of methods for low-level optimization of the matrix multiplication algorithm for computing systems with shared memory. Based on a comparison of various approaches, including block optimization, parallel execution with OpenMP, vectorization with AVX and the use of the Intel MKL library, significant improvements in the performance of the resulting software implementations are revealed. In particular, block optimization reduces the number of cache misses, parallelism effectively uses multicore, and vectorization and Intel MKL demonstrate maximum acceleration due to more efficient software optimizations. The obtained results emphasize the importance of careful selection of optimization methods and their compliance with the architecture of the computing system in order to achieve the required performance parameters of the designed software.

Keywords: low-level optimization, block optimization, parallel execution, OpenMP, vectorization, AVX, Intel MKL, performance, benchmarking, matrix multiplication

The traditional cycle of manufacturing high-tech electronic products was examined, and a methodology for its optimization was developed. The interrelation between the stages of design documentation development and the electronic structure of the product was established. The methodology significantly reduced the manufacturing time of products by parallel development of the electronic structure alongside the product. The rationale for applying the methodology in design was provided.

Keywords: electronic structure of the product, eBOM, 1C:PLM, procurement of components

The high relevance of issues related to the import substitution of foreign controller equipment with domestic developments for automated process control systems at mining and metallurgical companies is dictated by the lack of possibility of purchasing and technical support for automated process control components to ensure continuous production of mining and metallurgical enterprises, as well as to meet the needs of the country ferrous metallurgy products. This article discusses the development of an automated control system for the technological process of steel production in an oxygen converter at the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant using controllers from a domestic manufacturer. The transition to automated control systems based on domestic controller equipment is a strategically important step for the enterprise, aimed at increasing the efficiency of production processes, increasing system reliability and production stability, by optimizing technological processes and reducing production dependence on imported equipment.

Keywords: import substitution, converter, oxygen-converter production, steel production, controller, automated control systems

Currently one of the promising trends in the global energy sector is the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) into the existing grid. The use of RES can be favourable in autonomous power systems where fuel costs are high. However the stochastic nature of power generation creates a number of difficulties in maintaining the power balance. To solve this problem, it is proposed to connect a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisting of a battery and a supercapacitor to the load busbars. The efficiency of such HESS depends mainly on the way of its connection to the grid and the choice of control method. The article gives an overview of the existing mechanisms for controlling the power consumption of HESS.

Keywords: Renewable energy, hybrid electricity storage, power converter topology, electricity storage control strategy

The subject of this article is the development of a behavior pattern with AI elements for an opponent bot in the single-player game Steal Tower. The essence of which is to collect resources to build a tower faster than opponents. To create the illusion that the same people are playing against the player, an imitation stochastic model based on the Monte Carlo method for Markov chains has been developed. Based on the results of its tests, balanced system parameters were determined, which are embedded in the behavioral pattern of the bot, which is implemented using the Enum AIStates enumeration consisting of five states: Idle (inactivity), GoTo (movement) and GoToWarehouse (return to the warehouse), Win (victory), Loose (scoring). Each of them has developed functions for the optimal behavior of the bot given in the article. So for the GoTo state, functions have been created that analyze the benefits of different types of behavior: steal or collect, or walk to the warehouse or to the tower.

Keywords: game intelligence, behavioral pattern, live world emulation, bot behavior scenario, state structure, Markov chains, Monte Carlo method, simulation model, Unity environment, C# language

Stepper motors are often used in automated laser cutting systems. The control circuit of a stepper motor requires a special electronic device - a driver, which receives logical signals as input and changes the current in the motor windings to provide motion parameters. This research study evaluated stepper motor drivers to determine the feasibility of their use - PLDS880, OSM-42RA, OSM-88RA. To control the system, software code was written, which was connected to the controller via a link board. With each driver, in different modes, optimal parameters were selected (initial speed, final speed and acceleration), that is, the movement of the carriage without stalling for ten passes with a minimum travel time. The results of the experiments are presented in the form of tables.

Keywords: laser, laser cutting, automation, technological process, stepper motor, performance, driver, controller, control circuit, optimal parameters

The validity of analytical models of the process of one-parameter selective assembly of two elements was evaluated by comparison with the results of simulation modelling. A series of machine experiments including one-factor and two-factor experiments were carried out. At the accepted levels of variation of factors, the confidence interval of the probability of yield of good products from the initial population of elements that did not pass sorting was determined using Student's criterion at the given level of significance and number of degrees of freedom. Comparison of the simulation results revealed the facts of reaching the specified process indicator, determined by the analytical model, for all experiments within the confidence intervals and the presence of relatively small deviations from their centres.

Keywords: selective assembly, analytical model, simulation model, measurement error, simulation results

This article explores the introduction and implementation of neural network models in the field of agriculture, with an emphasis on their use in smart greenhouses. Smart greenhouses are innovative systems for controlling the microclimate and other factors affecting plant growth. Using neural networks trained on data on soil moisture, temperature, illumination and other parameters, it is possible to predict future indicators with high accuracy. The article discusses the stages of data collection and preparation, the learning process of neural networks, as well as the practical implementation of this approach. The results of the study highlight the prospects for the introduction of neural networks in the agricultural sector and their important role in optimizing plant growth processes and increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises.

Keywords: neural network, predicting indicators, smart greenhouse, artificial intelligence, data modeling, microclimate

The work is devoted to an urgent problem - the development of automated process control systems for the production of bricks with improved characteristics. The purpose of the article is to define and systematize the tasks of automation of brick production control systems, to develop both an algorithm for managing brick production and a generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, and the tasks of the work are: optimization of control automation levels that determine the generalized structure of automated control systems for brick production, determination of information collection subsystems corresponding to the stages of brick production, and development of their structures, the choice of basic measurement tools for information collection subsystems. The results of the work are: systematization of requirements for modern automated process control systems, development of an algorithm for controlling technological processes and a generalized structural scheme of automated process control systems for brick production, development of information collection subsystems for the developed automated process control system, development of the structure of a local automated process control system in brick production - brick drying. The developed technical solutions can be recommended for control automation in various industries.

Keywords: brick production, technological process, drying, firing, control algorithm, automated control system, structural scheme, information collection subsystem, single-channel circuit, multi-channel circuit, measuring circuit, four-arm bridge circuit

This paper examines and compares two neural networks, U-Net-Attention and SegGPT, which use different attention mechanisms to find relationships between different parts of the input and output data. The U-Net-Attention architecture is a dual-layer attention U-Net neural network, an efficient neural network for image segmentation. It has an encoder and decoder, combined connections between layers and connections that pass through hidden layers, which allows information about the local properties of feature maps to be conveyed. To improve the quality of segmentation, the original U-Net architecture includes an attention layer, which helps to enhance the search for the image features we need. The SegGPT model is based on the Visual Transformers architecture and also uses an attention mechanism. Both models focus attention on important aspects of a problem and can be effective in solving a variety of problems. In this work, we compared their work on segmenting cracks in road surface images to further classify the condition of the road surface as a whole. An analysis and conclusions are also made about the possibilities of using architectural transformers to solve a wide range of problems.

Keywords: machine learning, Transformer neural networks, U-Net-Attention, SegGPT, roadway condition analysis, computer vision

This article discusses the basic principles and design patterns of an application for collecting data from third-party sources. Research has been carried out on various methods of obtaining data, including web scraping, using APIs and file parsing. It also describes various approaches to extracting information from structured and unstructured sources.

Keywords: internet sources, API, parsing, web, headless browser, scraping, etag, data collection